Pepper growers in Northern Europe need to remain vigilant for a potentially damaging new thrips pest species, Thrips parvispinus – warns Koen Merkus, IPM and Pollination Specialist at Biobest.
“Over the past 4-5 years, Thrips parvispinus outbreaks have become more frequent in ornamental crops in the Netherlands,” he says. “They have generally been found in tropical foliage plants, hiding in new, rolled-up leaves - making them difficult to target with sprays.
Major yield losses
“Originating from South-East Asia, parvispinus is causing widespread major yield losses in red chilli pepper crops in India and Thailand.
“In Spain, the pest has become a challenging issue in bell and pointed pepper crops – impacting yields. While causing damage to flowers and leaves similar to Western Flower Thrips (WFT), T. parvispinus also inflicts characteristic damage to growing points causing stunted growth. Heavy infestations cause damage in the young leaves which sometimes resembles broad mite damage. Damaged fruits may subsequently stick to leaves and exhibit brownish, and sometimes wet, spots.”
Challenging to control
Compared to WFT, Koen says parvispinus is proving more difficult for growers to control – an issue confirmed in trials conducted by Senior Researcher Juliette Pijnakker at Biobest Nederland.
“The predatory mites, which form the backbone of effective WFT control strategies, appear to behave differently; they predate less on parvispinus and are so less effective,” he says. “To compensate, Dutch ornamental growers are employing higher rates of Amblyseius-System (Amblyseius (Neoseiulus) cucumeris) - to slow down pest development.
“Generalist predators - such as Orius-System, Macrolophus-System, and Chrysopa-System - perform well on pollen-producing plants, such as peppers, and can feed on parvispinus. However, on pollenless ornamental crops, they do not establish as well. It will be more challenging to develop effective control strategies for ornamentals,” he warns.
Timely & correct identification
To limit damage in pepper crops, Koen advocates growers should aim for timely and correct identification of parvispinus. However, he warns the tiny pest can easily be confused with Echinothrips americanus.
“Echinothrips is dark coloured with a reddish, dark brown neck,” explains Koen. “Parvispinus is subtly different – while also having a black abdomen, its rear and middle thorax segments are yellowish brown while the front segment and head are brown. Wageningen University and Research Greenhouse Horticulture has compiled a helpful downloadable thrips identification poster*. If in doubt, growers should collect a sample of the pest and consult their Biobest advisor for help with identification.”
Preventative approach
With no silver bullet to control this pest, to minimise damage Koen recommends a preventative, rather than curative, approach.
“As things stand, we urge pepper growers in Northern Europe to remain highly vigilant and introduce higher rates of predatory mites and Orius-System as soon as the pest is confirmed,” he says. “Meanwhile, the Biobest team is working on developing targeted strategies for different regions.”
To download a copy of Wageningen University’s thrips identification poster, click here.
Thrips parvispinus (Pepertrips)
Echinothrips americanus